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His Zionist convictions caused him to dream of moving to Palestine. Finding no opportunity to be active as a trained construction technician, Leo Antschel ( ) made a living as a broker in the timber trade. Almost half of its 110,000 inhabitants were Jews. Czernowitz was a polyglot town its main languages were German, Romanian, Ukrainian, and Yiddish. The Suhrkamp Verlag kindly permitted the citing of the poems discussed in this volume.ġ0 Contents Preface: Celan s Early Years Introduction xi xv I: The Beginnings, Part I 1 II: The Beginnings, Part II 25 III: Poppies, Forgetfulness, Dreams, Rebels 47 IV: Things (Quasi-) Medieval 71 V: War 97 VI: The Mother Figure 121 VII: On the Way to Todesfuge 143 VIII: Poetic Devices and Their Consequences 171 Appendix: The Lithographs in Der Sand aus den Urnen 207 Abbreviations 227 Bibliography 229 Index of Names 241 Index of German Celan Poems Cited 245ġ2 Preface Celan s Early Years Paul, the son of Leo and Friederike Antschel, was born on November 23, 1920, in Czernowitz, the capital of Bukowina, which had been the eastern outreach of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire until, after the fall of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918, it became part of Romania. Without the aid of these two the struggles with Celan s poetry could not have resulted in an acceptable outcome. Kathy Corl turned out to be a wizard when it came to compelling the computer to do her bidding. Stephanie Bekker astutely recognized the improvements the manuscript needed. ISBN: Editions Rodopi B.V., Amsterdam - New York, NY 2008 Printed in The NetherlandsĨ Acknowledgments A grateful salute is due to those whose unstinting help gave final shape to this volume. Wien, Agathon Cover design: Pier Post The paper on which this book is printed meets the requirements of "ISO 9706:1994, Information and documentation - Paper for documents - Requirements for permanence". Mit 30 Abbildungen und einer Vorbemerkung von Otto Basil. 3 Amsterdamer Publikationen zur Sprache und Literatur in Verbindung mit Peter Boerner, Bloomington Hugo Dyserinck, Aachen Ferdinand van Ingen, Amsterdam Friedrich Maurer, Freiburg Oskar Reichmann, Heidelberg herausgegeben von Cola Minis und Arend Quak 157Ĥ Paul Celan Studies in His Early Poetry Hugo Bekker Amsterdam - New York, NY 2008ĥ Cover illustration: Edgar Jené.